Learning Network NZ: January 2013

Back to school (5)

Get 'back to school' ready with our guest blogger Anne Davies (Step Five of Five)

Step Five: Plan to have your students working harder than you are

Much of a successful new school year is dependent on the relationships you build with your students and the ways you engage them in the learning process. Assessment in the service of learning is one of the best vehicles for building relationships and engaging learners. What does this look like in the first days of school? Here are my TOP THREE suggestions:

1. Involve students in shaping the learning community of the classroom. For example, “What is important so this is a class where we can all learn and grow together?” List their ideas. Accept all ideas. It shows respect and that student’s opinions, no matter how different they are from yours, are valued. This is the first step to co-constructing criteria. I suggest you leave this as a list for the first week or two. Periodically ask students what else is important so this is a class where we can all learn and grow together. As Stephen Covey suggests, this is a powerful way to “Seek to understand before seeking to be understood.” It is so much more powerful than a teacher posting ‘Class Rules’ that some students translate as, ‘It’s my way or you’re out.’ Now students can be involved as they self-monitor their contributions to the classroom community.

2. Invite students to show you HOW they are smart. Building on Howard Gardner’s work, have students identify their expertise – in or out of school. This is a unique kind of baseline data that helps students help you to better understand how they might show proof of learning in your class. Some teachers have students post mini “Expert Sheets”. Students brainstorm different kinds of expertise like: Mathematics, long boarders, video gaming, running, and so on… it can be about in or out of school. Each kind of expertise becomes a title on a letter-sized piece of paper. Once all the ‘expert sheets’ are completed have students post them around the room. Then, ask students to sign up for all the kind of expertise they currently have. Then, these sheets can act as a “go to” place when people need help. Now students can be involved as they find ways to prove to you that they are learning.

3. Ask students to describe the best class and the best teacher they have ever had (no names please). This can be done individually in a journal or email to you. Or, it can be a brainstormed list that will be posted in the classroom. This helps you understand what students’ value and appreciate. It will also help when you model self-assessment. You can go to the lists and explain to the students what you think two of your strengths are and what evidence you have. Then you can talk about one thing you are working on to become a better teacher. Do this periodically so students understand that you also do what you are asking them to do. Now you have begun to set students up to communicate to you their ongoing learning strengths and challenges. This can save you time while having students more engaged and learning.

Canadian-based author, consultant, and researcher, Anne Davies, Ph.D., applies her expert knowledge of developing quality classroom assessment practices toward her mission to 'increase the possibility of learning for all our students'. If you like what she has to say she's in NZ in May 2013 with Sandra Herbst for a series of assessment workshops. For more info and online bookings click here.

Back to school (4)

Get 'back to school' ready with our guest blogger Anne Davies (Step Four of Five)

Step Four: Plan to involve students in collecting evidence

As you completed Step 2 and created your evaluation plan, the evidence collection becomes clear. Since you need valid and reliable evidence of learning it is important to collect the evidence of learning over time from multiple sources (products, observations, conversations). It also supports student learning if they have responsibility for collecting some the evidence. Getting students involved is easier than it sounds. Consider the Science example shared in Step 1. Consider the ways students can be supported to collect and file the products - in a digital file folder or a paper-based one. A crate or part of a file drawer can keep the evidence safe as the learning time unfolds.

Learning Destination	Evidence of Learning: Students collect in a ‘fat’ file folder or something else
Makes detailed, thoughtful observations of activities and lessons using pictures, words and charts	All products – both draft and final work – such as: · Notebook pages · Journal entries · Observation notes · Work sheets · Self-assessments · Evidence in relation to criteria for different products and processes Note: Important that all work be dated
Is curious about the scientific world and asks questions to help their understanding of what they’re learning and direct their focus for future learning
Makes realistic predictions about the outcome of activities, experiments, and research using observations as a guide
Shows a positive attitude towards Science activities and shows responsibility in activities and group work
Understands the scientific concepts being learning in class and applies them to new scientific situations

If the students are supported to be responsible to collect and file the ongoing evidence of learning then teachers can focus on collecting observations. For example, given the example above, a teacher might choose to make the following on-going observations:

OQP

(O) Observations are detailed

(Q) Questions about scientific world

(M) Makes realistic predictions

ESWUC

(E) Engages productively in activities and experiments

(S) Works by self

(G) Works as part of a small group

(U) Understands scientific concepts being taught

How to make these observations both possible and practical? Consider setting up your observations using the tools at hand (either digital or in paper form) in the following way:

Names	Week 1	Week 1	Week 2	Week 2	Week 3	Week 3	Week 4	Week 4
Name 1	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC
Name 2	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC
Name 3	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC
Name 4	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC

Now you can make observations as students engage in being scientists day-by-day in your classroom. Select a few students to observe each day and then take a few seconds to use a highlighter pen to note what you have observed.

Names	Week 1	Week 1	Week 2	Week 2
Name 1	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC
Name 2	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC
Name 3	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC
Name 4	OQP	ESWUC	OQP	ESWUC

As the term progresses your ongoing observations provide you with the data – the evidence of learning – you need to evaluate the parts of the curriculum that are not evident in products. Because you've take a few minutes every week to record what you have witnessed students actually doing, you can look at the pattern and trend over the term. You can speak confidently to what students are able to consistently and independently do as scientists. Everything else you need to have “proof” is present in the products students have been collected. This is one way to have the evidence you need to evaluate when the end of the term arrives as well as having students engaged in providing evidence of their own learning to you.

Back to school (3)

Get 'back to school' ready with our guest blogger Anne Davies (Step Three of Five)

Step Three: Preparing to collect baseline evidence of learning

I find that teachers tend to be optimists – a new beginning is a time full of hopes and dreams. At least it always is for me. Getting ready for the school year is an important part of making this the best year yet. I've identified six steps to being ready for the new school year from an assessment perspective - after all, as Black and Wiliam (1998) and other researchers note, powerful research-based assessment practices have the ‘greatest impact on student learning ever documented.'

The first step I identified in an earlier blog is being clear about what needs to be learned. Step Two is thinking about and planning for evaluation (often evaluation is the “end” teachers have in mind and plan to share with students as part of being open and transparent). Preparing for evaluation means thinking about what reliable and valid evidence of learning might be.

As we prepare for a new year, reflect back to the first two steps: what students need to learn and what evidence of learning you will need to make an informed professional judgment (evaluation). Then you are ready for Step Three: Preparing to collect baseline evidence of learning.

There are two key benefits to collecting key pieces of baseline evidence of learning early in the term: Teachers get the information they need to 'tweak' instructional plans to better meet student needs and also get the first layer of 'proof' needed to later help students and their parents appreciate how much has been learned.

What kind of baseline evidence do teachers collect? Consider the kinds of evidence students need to provide to show proof of learning. When it comes to classroom assessment, anything a student does, says, or creates is potentially evidence of learning. When teachers collect evidence of learning from multiple sources over time in relation to the learning outcomes/standards, they are more likely to make informed professional judgments that are reliable and valid. Teachers in different subjects, different classes and different levels or grades collect different samples. Consider these examples of baseline samples teachers in different subject areas and grade levels collect:

Subject –––––––––––––––	Do/Application –––––––––––––––	Know/Understanding ––––––––––––––––––	Articulate ––––––––––––––
English:	Journal entry Sample(s) of writing	Representation of everything the student knows about favourite/favorite author or genre	Reader response entry
Mathematics:	Description of how mathematics is used outside of school	After a quick review of mathematical concepts, students choose one to write about everything they know in relation to that concept	Math journal entry using the frame: Do Say Write Represent
Social Studies:	Map of the world	Brainstorm list of notes for a debate of dialectic essay on a current event of the student’s choice	Audio recording of a small group discussion (have the entire class in small group discussions at the same time, have members record and take note of group members)
Science:	Mini-science lab report	Quick word web: Everything I know about…. Concept area to be the focus on future study	Journal entry focused on why Science is important
Second Language	Audio recording of a conversation in the language (may be a lot of silence)	Everything I know about… language	Written self-assessment focused on current level of knowledge and experience in the subject area

Think about the kind of evidence your students will need to produce in order that you can evaluate their learning at the end of the term. What would you have students create, do, and articulate in order to provide evidence of where they are at this point in time while it is still early days in the term. Make a plan to collect a few key pieces - not too many! You just need enough to inform your general understanding of what students know, can do and can articulate. And later, students (and their parents) will need enough to provide a powerful "lightbulb" moment as they see visual and concrete evidence of their growth and improvement over time.

Notice, with the baseline samples in these examples, teachers can adjust their instruction based on current information. Students now have a first attempt – a baseline sample – that they will be able to use to help show themselves, their teachers, and others the progress they have made as they have learned during the term.

A new school year is getting closer. Tune in for Step Four tomorrow.

Canadian-based author, consultant, and researcher, Anne Davies, Ph.D., applies her expert knowledge of developing quality classroom assessment practices toward her mission to 'increase the possibility of learning for all our students'. If you like what she has to say she's in NZ in May 2013 for a series of assessment workshops. For more info and online bookings click here.

Back to school (2)

Get 'back to school' ready with our guest blogger Anne Davies (Step Two of Five)

Step Two: planning to evaluate

First of all, if you can't begin with the end in mind, you can end up scrambling to get the evidence you need to make an informed professional judgement. In Leading the Way to Assessment for Learning, Sandra Herbst and I outline the 12 steps needed in order that:

Teachers are prepared to evaluate well.
Leaders are prepared to support teachers, and,
Leaders know how to better engage in the evaluation process themselves.

Part of the process I will highlight in this post has to do with looking at the learning destination and thinking about what needs to be VALUED.

Consider a Science example from a primary classroom. This teacher need to keep track of what students create, what they do, and what they say in relation to the learning destination.

What would be evidence that students can:

-make observations,
-ask questions about the world around them, and,
-collect data about living and non-living things?

And the list continues. Each statement is a question that leads to what needs to be valued and helps teachers consider what could be possible evidence.

Large-scale assessments would give a series of paper and pencil or online tasks. In Classroom Assessment we collect evidence in relation to the learning destination from multiple sources over time to ensure our findings are reliable and valid. This is a process called TRIANGULATION. It is essential when it comes to classroom assessment. (To read more go to Making Classroom Assessment Work - Chapter 5).

When we only value PRODUCTS (tests, quizzes, culminating assignments), we can put ourselves at professional risk because the learning outcomes/standards also include PROCESS, and require students to ARTICULATE their learning to others.

As you get ready for the new school year, consider two questions:

1. What evidence of learning will students create as they engage in the rich learning tasks in relation to the learning outcomes/standards?

2. What evidence of learning will you as the teacher collect and track so you have the evidence you need in relation to the learning destination for the first reporting period?

This is part of the process participants in our May workshops in NZ will engage in. We will be working with great groups - feel free to register with Learning Network NZ (details below) so you can join Sandra and me.

Consider this example from a high school Spanish class. Notice the teacher has listed the possible evidence of learning. Notice the teacher is deliberately collecting products, observations, and records of conversations (journals, notes, and so on) so the evidence is from multiple sources over time.

As you think about this example and the earlier Science example, consider these focus questions:

1. What evidence will students be creating?

2. What evidence could the teacher choose to track and collect?

3. Is the teacher preparing to evaluate what is valued as defined by the outcomes/standards?

Lastly, before you finalize your evaluation plans, you need to know the 'rules and regulations' around reporting so you are ready to use the symbols required by your report card. Contact the principal or the school district office to find out about the current policies, rules, and regulations. Don't operate on the basis of rumour. Report cards are legal documents and they need to be done correctly. Don't place yourself at professional risk.

Step Three will be posted tomorrow.

Canadian-based author, consultant, and researcher, Anne Davies, Ph.D., applies her expert knowledge of developing quality classroom assessment practices toward her mission to 'increase the possibility of learning for all our students'. If you like what she has to say she's in NZ in May 2013 for a series of assessment workshops. For more info and online bookings click here.

Back to school (1)

Get 'back to school' ready with our guest blogger Anne Davies (Step One of Five)

Step One: Getting ready for the new school year: beginning with the end in mind
The first step of an assessment plan is preparing to begin with the end in mind. This means deconstructing the curriculum outcomes or standards into groups of 'big ideas' that make sense for you and your learners. Then think about how best to express the collection of standards in each grouping in learner-friendly language. Research and practice support this powerful idea. (Research Connection - Visible Learning by John Hattie).

Last summer, during the 'back to school' sessions Sandra Herbst and I did, we worked with groups of educators helping them get ready for the school year from an assessment perspective.

Here are a few examples from previous sessions of Learning Destinations from Mathematics, Writing, and Science, written in language students and their parents are likely to understand.

Notice they provide the big ideas based on the curriculum in simple language. Notice how they assist learners to think about what they need to learn, "I can write in my journal" or "I make detailed, thoughtful observations...." This process is described in detail in Chapter Three of Making Classroom Assessment Work.

The next step in this process is to think through the evidence of learning that will provide the 'proof' you need to make an informed professional judgment (see Chapter Five). Then consider what models, criteria, or examples are needed to help students understand quality. And, lastly, plan how you are going to evaluate (Chapter Ten).

In the next blog entry, I am going to focus on Step Two - Preparing for Evaluation.

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